Dear ASPS Members,

Please consider nominating a female plant scientist (or self-nominating) for the 2023 Jan Anderson Award (https://www.asps.org.au/awards). The research must have been done within 15 years of the PhD, or within 15 cumulative years of employment subsequent to the year in which the PhD thesis was submitted (excluding career breaks). The closing date for the 2023 award is now 30th June, 2023.

 

Science & Technology Australia has just launched the STEM Career Pathways survey. We need your help to make it Australia’s biggest-ever survey of STEM conditions and careers! We aim to make the STEM Career Pathways survey Australia’s most comprehensive snapshot of current conditions and career patterns for scientists, technologists, mathematicians and engineers.

SHARE THIS SURVEY LINK!

The study will gather crucial information on workloads, conditions, career development and opportunities for people to move between industry and research across Australia’s STEM sector. This survey is being run by Science & Technology Australia to gather updated evidence on STEM career pathways and movement across the sector. It will inform research commissioned by the Office of the Chief Scientist for the Prime Minister’s National Science and Technology Council.   This is a golden opportunity for the sector to speak up and share views and experiences of working in STEM, and the information gathered will feed into policy deliberations.

The survey takes around 10 minutes to complete. It is open to anyone with a STEM qualification and you can respond anonymously. All survey participants can enter the draw to win one of two $500 JB HiFi vouchers. The entry form is at the end of the survey. This survey is now open and can be done here. It closes on 14 June 2023.

Thank you!

Hello ASPS members,

The May edition of Phytogen is out now and can be accessed HERE.

The GPC e-bulletin can be accessed HERE for May edition, HERE for April edition.

STA newsletters can be accessed HERE

Hello ASPS members,

The May edition of Phytogen is out now and can be accessed HERE.

The GPC e-bulletin can be accessed HERE for May edition, HERE for April edition.

STA newsletters can be accessed HERE

Welcome to Phytogen for May 2023. Soon registration will open for ASPS2023 in Tasmania in November Tuesday 28th November to Friday 1st December. Details so far are available at https://www.asps.org.au/conferences/asps-2023

To get you ready for preparing your abstacts, here are reports from poster prize winners in 2022. We hope you enjoy reading:

Alyssa Martino, PhD Candidate, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney.

What is the title of your poster?

A phased genome of Melaleuca quinquenervia sheds new light on allelic variation of resistance genes 

What is the aim of your research, and what is the main hypothesis that you are testing? 

Long living tree species are exposed to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses in their lifetime, including numerous pests and pathogens. Unlike animals, they lack an adaptive immune system, instead relying on an innate immune system to recognise and respond to pathogens. Plant Nucleotide-binding Leucine-rich repeats (NLRs) are modular intracellular receptors involved in host immunity by initiating the rapid, cascading response leading to programmed cell death. Genes encoding NLRs are highly polymorphic and numerous in plant genomes. However, genome wide analysis of the allelic variation of plant NLRs is yet to be carried out, owing to genomes of many diploid organisms being presented as collapsed consensus sequences rather than separated into haplotypes. Therefore, the focus of this project was to investigate the allelic diversity of NLRs in a long-living tree species.  

What plant species was the focus of your research, and what were the key techniques used? 

 We generated a phased chromosome-level genome for the long-living tree species Melaleuca quinquenervia (broadleaf paperbark). Using HiFiasm software with a combination of HiFi and HiC data, the genome was phased into haplotypes to investigate the complete allelic diversity of NLR genes. The FindPlantNLRs pipeline was developed to annotate the predicted NLR genes within the phased genome, including novel integrated domains.   

What was the major finding(s) of your research? 

 Genome mapping revealed differences in the clustering position of NLRs on chromosomes between haplotypes, which corresponded with differing numbers of NLR clusters between haplotypes. Different novel domain architectures were also detected between haplotypes, demonstrating a high level of haplotype diversity of NLR genes within the M. quinquenervia genome. With much of this information lost in a collapsed form, we demonstrate the importance of our approach to assist research into plant responses to environmental challenges.  

Who were the important collaborators and funders of your work? 

 The work was carried out in collaboration with Stephanie Chen (UNSW), Collin Ahrens (UNSW), Benjamin Schwessinger (ANU), Ashley Jones (ANU), Tamene Tolessa (ANU), Zhenyan Luo (ANU), Jason Bragg (UNSW), Richard Edwards (UWA), and Peri Tobias (USyd) and was funded by ARC Linkage projects LP190100093 and LP180100721 and Research Training Program Stipend Scholarships (Alyssa and Stephanie).  

 

Zheng (Tommy) Gong, HDR Student, PGEL|School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland.

What is the title of your poster?

A simple and rapid workflow to evaluate CRISPR gRNA genome editing efficiency in planta. 

What is the aim of your research, and what is the main hypothesis that you are testing?

This research aims to develop a workflow that would allow researchers to easily test the efficiency of their selected CRISPR gRNA in planta targeting any sequence-of-interest.

What plant species was the focus of your research, and what were the key techniques used?

We used Nicotiana benthamiana, a model plant species, for transient expression of our CRISPR cassettes. To increase the applicability of this workflow, only general molecular biology skills were required to evaluate the efficiency of multiple gRNAs.

What was the major finding(s) of your research? 

We first conceptualised the workflow to be as simple as possible with minimal molecular cloning required. Using this workflow, we successfully evaluated the efficiency of multiple gRNAs targeting an endogenous N. benthamiana gene. We found that the in planta genome editing efficiency of gRNAs was not consistent with that predicted by in silico gRNA design tools, demonstrating the importance of a workflow as such. Using this workflow, we have demonstrated and intend to in future studies, evaluate gRNAs targeting sequences in crop species and other agriculturally important plants.

Who were the important collaborators and funders of your work?

Important collaborators of this work are Yijie Wang and Genevieve Durrington who are currently PhD students at The University of Queensland and my excellent supervisors, Prof. Jimmy Botella, and Dr Karen Massel.

I am funded by the Australian Government RTP scholarship.

 

Nick Booth, College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia.

Nodulin 26 is a multifunctional plant aquaporin that facilitates ammonium transport in nitrogen-fixing soybean nodules. 

Booth N.¹, Ramesh S.¹, Jenkins C.¹, Soole K.¹, Tyerman S.², and Day D.¹

¹College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.  

²ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia. 

At COMBIO 2022 I was awarded an ASPS poster prize for presenting our findings on the soybean aquaporin, Nodulin 26 (NOD26). Legumes have developed a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia, a soil bacterium that fixes atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by the plant. During the symbiosis, legumes develop highly specialised organs on their roots, called nodules, which are infected by rhizobia. Inside the infected nodule cells, the rhizobia differentiate into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids that are excluded from the plant cytosol in organelle-like structures termed symbiosomes. The symbiosome membrane acts to regulate the metabolite exchange between the symbionts. Interestingly, a non-selective cation channel which facilitates the efflux of fixed nitrogen from symbiosomes remains unidentified (Tyerman et al. 1995). We proposed that NOD26 may be this non-selective cation channel and begin to characterise the channel through two-electrode voltage clamp in Xenopus laevis oocytes, thanks to a collaboration with Stephen Tyerman, Adelaide University.  

Ion transport through aquaporins has long been controversial, with Yool and colleagues (1996) first reporting this in human aquaporin 1. More recently, non-selective cation activity has been reported in Arabidopsis PIP2;1, which shares several characteristics with the soybean symbiosome membrane non-selective cation channel. Our work has shown that when NOD26, a major component of the soybean symbiosome membrane, is heterologously expressed in X. laevis oocytes, monovalent cation-induced currents are observed. The channel is permeable to ammonium, methylammonium, potassium and sodium but not choline or anions, and that these currents are inhibited by divalent cations. Through phosphomimetics of S262, we identified a switch in the permeability of NOD26 to water or cations when expressed in X. laevis oocytes (Figure 1). We believe that the soybean aquaporin NOD26 is multifunctional channel that facilitates both ammonia and ammonium transport in nitrogen-fixing nodules and that this transport is regulated by phosphorylation of S262. 

Figure 1. Mutations to GmNOD26 alter water and cation permeability. (A) Osmotic water permeability; or (B) Na+ induced clamp currents; of control, Phosphomimetics or Wt GmNOD26-expressing X. laevis oocytes (n = 8). 

References: 

Byrt, C., Zhao, M., Kourghi, M., Bose, J., Henderson, S., Qiu, J., Gilliham, M., Schultz, C., Schwarz, M., Ramesh, S., Yool, A., and Tyerman, S. (2017) Non-selective cation channel activity of aquaporin AtPIP2;1 regulated by Ca2+ and pH. Plant, Cell & Environment, 40:802– 815. 

Tyerman, S., Whitehead, L., and Day, D. (1995). A channel-like transporter for NH4+ on the symbiotic interface of N2-fixing plants. Nature, 378:629–632. 

Yool, A., Stamer, W., and Regan, J. (1996). Forskolin stimulation of water and cation permeability in aquaporin-1 water channels. Science, 273:1216–1218. 

 

Miss Yuhan Liu, Ph.D. candidate | Wonder of Science Young Science Ambassador, School of Agriculture & Food Sciences | Integrative Legume Research Group, Faculty of Science | The University of Queensland.

What is the title of your poster? 

Root meristem growth factor peptides and their effects on root development and nodulation in soybean

What is the aim of your research, and what is the main hypothesis that you are testing?

The research aims to understand the role of a new peptide family, RGFs, in legume growth. Given its orthologous to Arabidopsis and Medicago peptides regulating meristem activity and immune response, we hypothesized that these RGF peptides affect root growth and nodule development in soybean.

What plant species was the focus of your research, and what were the key techniques used?

Soybean (Glycine max). A range of molecular and physiological techniques were used to characterise gene function, including Agrobacterium-mediated Hairy Root transformation, gene overexpression, promotor::GUS fusions, microscopy, bioinformatics and phenotypic analyses.

 What was the major finding(s) of your research?

A number of GmRGFs are specifically expressed in soybean nodules and root tips. They are critical for nodule maturation. 

Who were the important collaborators and funders of your work?

Members of the Integrative Legume Research Group, the University of Queensland were important to help carry out this research project. Xitong Chu from The University of Queensland and Huazhong Agricultural University. Funding for April Hastwell and Brett Ferguson is provided by the Australian Research Council (ARC; DE200100800 and DP190102996). Yuhan Liu is supported by a University of Queensland Earmarked Scholarship, a UQ School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Travel Award and a ASPS Student Travel Award.

Hello ASPS members,

The March issue of Phytogen is out now and can be accessed HERE.

The current STA newsletter can be access HERE.

There in an opportunity for a NZ PhD on our job board which can be accessed HERE.

Keep updated with the latest developments for our national conference ASPS 2023 in Hobart this Nov HERE.

Welcome to Phytogen for March 2023. There is a lot going on the next few months. Most importantly………

ASPS Awards are Open !!!

via GIPHY

ASPS award applications are now open. Details and links to each award are below.

• • • Peter Goldacre Award, applications due 31 March 2023
    • Jan Anderson Award, applications due 31 March 2023
    • R.N.Robertson Travelling Fellowship, applications due 31 March 2023
    • ASPS Education and Outreach Award, applications due 28 April 2023
    • Student Conference Travel Award, applications due 2 June 2023
    • ASPS Carers’ Support Travel Grant, applications due 2 June 2023
    • Indigenous Travel Grants, applications due 2 June 2023

 

Now onto other events…………..

International Fascination of Plants Day is held on 18th May each year with events encouraged to be held in even years. Here is a link to events in 2022 and there is plenty of time for Australia to plan events in 2024. On the occasion of the Fascination of Plants Day (FoPD) 2022, national funders in the European Research Area Network on Sustainable Crop Production (SusCrop ERA-net) opened the video contest on ‘what sustainable crop production means to you?’

Information is available at the SusCrop video contest webpage The SusCrop/FoPD video contest will close on 26^th May 2023. Video submission has to be done via WeTransfer to nikki.declercq@ilvo.vlaanderen.be AND to eline.dewispelaere@ilvo.vlaanderen.be

23rd of March is National Eucalypt Day. Get your votes in by 19th March for Eucalypt of the year and there are plenty of events.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ASPS have an upcoming webinar about respiration 6th April 2023

Lots of events on our twitter, @asps_ozplants……

 

Sessions are taking shape for ASPS2023 in Hobart……….

 

 

 

 

 

Please login and check your ASPS membership is up to date. Encourage your colleagues and students to join ASPS.Tweet to @asps_ozplants your news and upcoming events and follow to keep up to date.

Hello ASPS members,

The February issue of Phytogen is out now and can be assessed HERE.

Current positions posted on the ASPS job board can be accessed HERE.

Welcome to Phytogen for February 2023.

 

• • • • • Introducing new ASPS President Martha Ludwig
        • Reflection from ASPS Past President Peter Ryan
        • Save the Date ASPS2023 Hobart, Tasmania
        • !!!  ASPS Awards are open  !!!!
        • Reports from past winners, Nattiwong Pankasem and Maria Ermakova
        • Events

 

 

 

Introducing Professor Martha Ludwig

This year we have a new President, Martha Ludwig from the University of Western Australia. Hope you enjoy reading about her journey so far.

Winds of Change

Martha went to Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, completing a BA in Biological Sciences. The college is a private liberal arts, all-women’s college (https://www.smith.edu/about-smith). Degrees are four years and in addition to taking maths, chemistry, physics, and biology, Martha also took units in English literature, history, philosophy, Greek and Roman mythology, and German. The President of Smith College at the time (1980s) was Professor Jill Ker Conway, the first woman President, who had grown up in the Australian outback (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Ker_Conway). Professor Conway wrote the famous memoir The Road from Coorain. Coorain is an Aboriginal word that means “windy place”.

Figure 1. The Ludwig Family Farm in Vermont, USA (autumn, c1985).

Before college, Martha, like Jill, grew up on a farm. The family dairy farm (Fig. 1) was in rural Vermont where she kept busy milking cows, doing field work, tending the veggie garden, picking blueberries from 500 bushes, and working in her grandparents’ apple orchard.

Martha always enjoyed being outside in the warmer months, working with plants and watching them grow. Once in high school she became fascinated with microscopes.

After college, Martha did her PhD at McGill University, Montréal, Canada, in the lab of Prof Sarah P Gibbs. She focused on the eukaryotic endosymbiotic origin of some algal chloroplasts. At the time, the prokaryotic endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts limited by two membranes had been accepted, e.g., a cyanobacterium was engulfed by a colourless eukaryotic host cell. However, some algal chloroplasts are surrounded by four membranes and in two groups, the cryptomonads and the chlororachniophytes, an organelle called the nucleomorph, which was postulated to be the vestigial nucleus of the endosymbiont, is present between the outer and inner pairs of membranes. Martha showed using microscopy and DAPI staining that the nucleomorphs of both cryptomonads [8] and the chlororachniophytes [9] contain DNA. Nucleomorph genomes have since been sequenced by other groups and the eukaryotic endosymbiotic origin of some chloroplasts is now in biology textbooks. Martha also developed techniques in immunocytochemistry to localise pigment-proteins in the lumen of cryptomonad thylakoids during her PhD [10].

Figure 2. Martha’s first Aussie Christmas. Lake Hattah, Victoria (1989).

Having had enough of long winters, Martha came to Australia for science, sun, and adventure. She held several postdoctoral research positions, initially at the University of Melbourne, where she continued to work with unicellular algae in the labs of Rick Wetherbee and Jeremy Pickett-Heaps. It was a steep learning curve to learn the taxonomy and ultrastructure of the red and brown algae, diatoms, etc. Martha worked on the golden-brown algae, the chrysophytes, and the cryptomonads. These algae have cell coverings or scales that can contribute to marine biofouling; however, little was known about their biology. Along with PhD students in the lab, Martha developed monoclonal antibodies against proteins associated with the cell coverings, which allowed, through immunolabelling, the developmental and deployment pathways of the cell surface components to be worked out [7; 12; 15]. While in Melbourne, Martha fell in love with Australia; the Melbourne trams, friendly people, bushwalking, remote regions, and the better weather; yes, you read correctly, Melbourne weather is better than that in New England and Montréal (Fig. 2)!

An ARC Postdoctoral Fellowship (the predecessor to the DECRA scheme) at Queensland University of Technology in the lab of Jim Burnell involved a switch to land plants and development of a molecular biology toolbox – another steep learning curve! It was in the Burnell lab that Martha began her ongoing work with Flaveria, a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae with C₃, C₄ and C₃-C₄ photosynthetic intermediate species. This genus is a model group to look at the evolution of C₄ photosynthesis and her work focussed on the molecular evolution of the C₄-associated form of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), which catalyses the first step of the C₄ pathway (Figure 3) [11]. Brisbane is where Martha learned to live outside all year round and, with members of the Burnell lab and others in the QUT Centre for Molecular Biology, did more bushwalking and travelling to and in the regions of Queensland (Figure 4).

Experience in the Burnell lab and a third post doc position at the Australian National University, working with Murray Badger, Dean Price, and Susanne von Caemmerer, opened opportunities to interact with Hal Hatch, the discoverer of the C₄ photosynthetic pathway, and his group at the CSIRO in Canberra. At the ANU, Martha continued to work with Flaveria and CA [13; 19], but also examined the components of the CO₂ concentrating mechanism of cyanobacteria [14; 16] and added transgenic technology to her molecular toolbox. At the ANU, Martha became a member of ASPS and was the Genetics and Molecular Biology Discipline Representative. In addition to the fantastic science community, Canberra also was the gateway to the NSW coast, the mountains, more bushwalking, and Sydney to watch the cricket!

At Macquarie University in Sydney, Martha had her first continuing position and relished in coordinating and teaching a unit on the evolution of land plants as well as teaching into other plant biology and biochemistry units (Figure 5). There were further experiments with the von Caemmerer lab and Bob Furbank (CSIRO) working with transgenic Flaveria in which the activity of the C₄-associated form of CA was greatly reduced. The results of this work illustrated the importance of the enzyme for proper functioning of the C₄ CO₂ concentrating mechanism [20]. Experiments with Flaveria showing the loss of the sequence encoding the transit peptide from the ancestral C₃ chloroplast CA orthologue was responsible for the evolution of the cytosolic C₄-associated enzyme were initiated at Macquarie. These definitive experiments were done by excellent Honours and PhD students [17, 18].

Martha moved to the University of Western Australia in 2003 and continues to work on the molecular evolution of C₄ photosynthesis. Like Brisbane, Perth is conducive to living outside regardless of the season. While writing an ARC grant application to further her work on Flaveria, she remembered having read about work done by Paul Hattersley in the 1980s on Neurachne, a group of Australian endemic grasses that have C₃, C₄ and C₃-C₄ photosynthetic intermediate species. She now has all species of the Neurachne growing in the UWA glasshouses and has led international teams in the reconstruction of a robust phylogeny of the genus [3] and identification of key steps in the molecular evolution of C₄photosynthesis in the group [6]. Of course, Neurachne CA is a focus with the evolutionary mechanism of the C₄-associated CA showing similarities to that of the Flaveria enzyme [4]! There have been many fieldtrips to the arid and semi-arid regions of Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Queensland to collect the different Neurachne species, with several trips involving the expert Paul Hattersley (now retired)! Terry Macfarlane from the WA Herbarium and Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, who worked with Paul in the 1980s, is Martha’s extraordinary collecting buddy (Fig. 6). Travelling to the remote regions to collect the plants is a highlight of Martha’s research, fuelling her love of being outside, and opening a new world, as previously she was a lab-based plant scientist. ExaminingNeurachne spp. emphasises the importance of biodiversity in our environment and like all good science, it never ends, with analyses of leaf transcriptome data now underway to understand more globally the molecular evolution of C₄photosynthesis in this monocot group. Work with Flaveria has continued, including the regulation of the C₄-associated CA with Peter Westhoff’s group at the Henrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf [5] and comparisons of metabolic profiles of the C₃, C₄ and C₃-C₄ intermediate Flaveria species in collaboration with Mark Stitt and John Lunn at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology [1, 2]. Martha has remained involved in the ASPS as Whole Plant Discipline Representative (2004-2005) and the ASPS Honourable Secretary (2014-2016).

After three years as Head of the School of Molecular Sciences at UWA, Martha is looking forward to 2023 and returning to the bench to focus on the regulation of Neurachne and Flaveria CAs, other aspects of C₄ evolution in the two groups, and a sabbatical when she will work with collaborators in Portugal, Germany, and the US – of course timed for the Northern Hemisphere summer – three summers in a row – hurrah!

Plans for being ASPS President

Martha is looking forward to being President of the Society. She likes getting together as plant scientists and wants to make it easy for students and researchers to attend meetings, exchange ideas, and form networks and collaborations. One of the traits she “inherited” from Sally Gibbs, her PhD supervisor, is the conviction that students be given chances to present their work at meetings and gain confidence in being part of the scientific community. As President she aims to increase the involvement of early- and mid-career researchers in the ASPS and welcomes ideas from the membership on how to achieve this aim. Talks are also underway to strengthen ties with the NZ Society of Plant Biologists.

References:

• • 1. Arrivault, S., et al. (2019) J. Exp. Bot. 70: 1843-1858.
    2. Borghi, G.L., et al. (2022) J Exp Bot 73: 1581-1601.
    3. Christin, PA., et al. (2012) J. Exp. Bot. 63: 6297–6308.
    4. Clayton, H., et al. (2017) Plant Physiol. 173: 1648-1658.
    5. Gowik, U., et al. (2016) J. Exp. Bot. 68: 311–320.
    6. Khoshravesh, R. et al. (2020) Plant Physiol. 182: 566-583.
    7. Koutoulis, A. et al. (1993) J. Cell Sci. 104: 391–398.
    8. Ludwig, M., Gibbs, S.P. (1985) Protoplasma 127: 9–20.
    9. Ludwig, M., Gibbs, S.P. (1989) J. Phycol. 25: 385–394.
    10. Ludwig, M., Gibbs, S.P. (1989) J. Cell Biol. 108: 875–884.
    11. Ludwig, M., Burnell, J.N. (1995) Plant Mol. Biol. 29: 353–365.
    12. Ludwig, M. et al. (1996) Planta 199: 219–228.
    13. Ludwig, M. et al. (1998) Plant Physiol. 117: 1071–1081.
    14. Ludwig, M. et al. (2000) J. Phycol. 36: 1109–1118.
    15. Perasso, L. et al. (1997) Protoplasma 200: 186–197.
    16. Sültemeyer, D. et al. (1997) Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 24: 317–327.
    17. Tanz, S.K. et al. (2009) Plant Physiol. 150: 1515–1529.
    18. Tetu, S.G. et al. (2007) Plant Physiol. 144: 1316–1327.
    19. von Caemmerer, S. et al. (1997) Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 24: 487–494.
    20. von Caemmerer, S. et al. Plant, Cell Environ. 27: 697–703.

 

 

Reflection from Past President Dr Peter Ryan

Our Past President Peter Ryan also has a reflection for us:

“Learned societies for a better society: The case for joining ASPS”

I have been asked to reflect on my time as President of ASPS over the last two years. Rather than list our challenges, achievements and “might-have-beens”, I would like, instead, to address a broader set of questions which I have heard repeatedly during my Presidency: Is there any value in joining a scientific society today? Are the benefits worth the annual subscription fee? Is there more to being a member of ASPS than receiving newsletters and adding a line to our CV? I firmly believe the answers to these are yes, yes and yes. More than that, I’m convinced that the role of scientific societies has never been more important – not just for their own members but for society in general.

When I joined the Australian Society of Plant Physiologists (ASPP) in the 1980s, the annual meetings were held on university campuses often with low-priced accommodation in student colleges. They were cheap and cheerful affairs with scotch finger biscuits for morning tea, cheese and pickle sandwiches for lunch and Nescafe coffee. A single stream of presentations meant that everyone heard all talks on every topic. There was plenty of time for discussions. Overlapping interests were discovered, spontaneous mentoring occurred and collaborations were forged. The Society was active and healthy and chugged along nicely, providing important support for our plant scientists.

With time, things changed and evolved, as they always do. Indeed, biology itself was undergoing its own revolution. ASPP was renamed the Australian Society of Plant Scientists (ASPS) to encompass the broader range of topics our members were investigating; especially the burgeoning area of molecular biology. Furthermore, ASPS was invited to join other biological societies to organise larger annual meetings known as ComBio. The benefits of such meetings included the broader range of topics presented in both plant and animal research and the ability to invite and support high-profile researchers from overseas.

ComBio meetings regularly attracted 800 participants or more and scheduled many parallel sessions. They were big and busy and very exciting to younger researchers. However, these meetings proved to be considerably more expensive to attend and their scale and breadth alienated some members. Many decided that their precious travel budget was best served attending smaller meetings that focused on their specific research area.

For this and other reasons no doubt, the membership of ASPS began to fall. Other societies in Australia and overseas reported the same trend. This steady decline was disappointing for ASPS and presented a major headache for its leadership because a dwindling subscription base limited their activities, especially the capacity to hold meetings and support student travel.

It was not just students that were deciding not to join. Early-career researchers (ECRs) were leaving as well, perhaps because they were preoccupied with their own challenges during the early 2000s. We knew anecdotally at the time, and then more formally from a survey¹ conducted by Science and Technology Australia (STA), that the morale among Australian scientists and STEM professionals was alarmingly low, with job security a major factor. Chasing short-term grants and relying on the creativity of academic bosses to extend contracts left many ECRs disillusioned with their chosen careers. Many considered leaving science research and some did.

Strategies were devised to reverse the declining membership but nothing much worked – at least not until two things happened. The first of these was a vote by ASPS to change the structure of their annual meetings. It was decided that the annual meetings would alternate between ComBio-style meetings, and smaller ASPS-only meetings. This was a gamble since no-one was really certain just how popular a smaller traditional meeting would be. The test for this strategy came with the first ASPS-only meeting at La Trobe University in 2019. It proved to be highly successful and demonstrated that the old model could still attract a crowd, boost membership and be profitable to boot.

The second factor that reversed the decline in membership, oddly enough, was Covid. It turns out that a couple of years of home isolation doing literature searches and anxiously waiting for laboratory access to resume, motivated many to grasp every opportunity to rub shoulders with colleagues again. We know this because the first ASPS-only hybrid-style meeting held after Covid restrictions were relaxed in 2021 was another great success and a welcome fillip to membership. The pent-up enthusiasm for local face-to-face meetings was still apparent at ComBio2022.

So back to the beginning: What are the benefits of ASPS membership? For students and early career researchers they are clear but they extend to senior scientists as well. There are the material benefits – such as the generous travel support for students and the awards and recognition of research excellence. In addition, ASPS offers a community of like-minded people with similar goals and the opportunity to present and share research in a non-discriminatory, nurturing environment. It fosters formal and informal mentoring and enables cross-disciplinary connections and collaborations. ECRs and senior members can advise and support one another as they negotiate the difficulties of their demanding careers. They are also encouraged to join leadership teams or participate in the STA run Science Meets Parliament which provide insights into science policy and governance in Australia and beyond. Members can also extend their networks by representing ASPS on national and international science bodies such as STA or the Global Plant Council. The value of all these opportunities became more obvious when they were suddenly restricted or denied us by Covid.  Although success of the post-Covid meetings were aided by other international meetings being on-line only or cancelled, it highlights the value of maintaining active local societies to fall back on.

However, scientific societies like ASPS have an even more crucial role this century – not for their members but for society. Science is experiencing a crisis of trust and credibility. It should be a concern to us all that in public debates around the world scientific information is rejected out of hand and replaced by half-truths, opinions and falsehoods. Remember the claims that Covid was a fake story concocted by scientists to attract more research funds? Or do you recall an ex-Prime Minister raising doubts about climate change² because he had seen photographs of Manly Beach over many decades and not noticed any changes to the water level? Apart from being demonstrably untrue³ they would be laughable if they were not so serious. The world is confronted with an unprecedented list of challenges and for us to have any chance of meeting and overcoming them, our leaders need to make decisions based on the best, most reliable information available. Therefore, all claims of “fake news” and “alternative facts” need to be openly tested so we don’t slide into a nightmare scenario where no-one is sure what or real and what is fantasy. The loudest message cannot be the only criterion for what is truth.  As informed and scientifically-literate members of society we should participate in these debates with our friends, with our families and with our societies. We should ensure that all contentious claims be backed by legitimate and independent sources so everyone is clear what is fact and what is fiction.

Individuals can be a voice in the storm but their impact will be minimal if no-one hears them.  Scientific societies that present the collective opinion of scores of experts provide a more persuasive channel for expressing views to larger audiences than do individuals. I hope and trust that science institutions around the world, will continue to engage in these debates so that we can be better prepared for the challenges ahead. So, yes, there are many compelling reasons to join ASPS and other scientific societies.

Dr Peter Ryan

ASPS President 2020-2022

(1) https://scienceandtechnologyaustralia.org.au/under-severe-strain-a-stark-snapshot-of-scientists/

(2) https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-10/tony-abbott-climate-claims-dont-add-up/9034204

(3) https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2626/evidence-of-sea-level-fingerprints/

 

 

 

 

Save the Date

Here is your save the date for ASPS 2023!!!

Please add yourself to our conference mailing list and help us during the planning stages by filling out our ASPS2023 EOI form:  https://forms.gle/osUAvNEyn9jcwtw78

Please share widely with your colleagues and students.

 

 

ASPS Awards are Open !!!

ASPS award applications are now open. Details and links to each award are below.

• • • Peter Goldacre Award, applications due 31 March 2023
    • Jan Anderson Award, applications due 31 March 2023
    • R.N.Robertson Travelling Fellowship, applications due 31 March 2023
    • ASPS Education and Outreach Award, applications due 28 April 2023
    • Student Conference Travel Award, applications due 2 June 2023
    • ASPS Carers’ Support Travel Grant, applications due 2 June 2023
    • Indigenous Travel Grants, applications due 2 June 2023

 

 

 

Reports from our past award winners

To give you inspiration to submit applications for ASPS awards here are reports from Nattiwong Pankasem who received a Robertson Travelling Fellowship and Maria Ermakova who received the Peter Goldacre Award in 2022. We hope you will get your skates on and submit applications.

Nattiwong Pankasem, Ph.D. student, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, CA, USA.

I am Nattiwong Pankasem, a Ph.D. student in Julian Schroeder’s lab at the School of Biological Sciences at the University of California San Diego. I am interested in the plant physiological responses to environmental stimuli. I am using genetic and biochemical approaches to investigate guard cell sensing and signaling to climate change-linked stresses. Pursuing interdisciplinary research on linking genes and the environmental response has been motivating but challenging at the same time. I think it would be great opportunity to learn those environmental biophysical concepts and techniques from experts in the field. With my supervisor’s support, I reached out to Dr. Graham Farquhar, seeking an opportunity to apply for a fellowship to visit his lab. I received a generous R.N. Robertson travelling fellowship from the Australian Society of Plant Scientists (ASPS) to visit Farquhar’s lab at the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra from September to November 2022.

I spent most of my visit pursuing the new project, measuring the unsaturation of water vapor in the leaf air space. Calculating stomatal conductance and a well-known input for photosynthesis models such as intercellular CO₂concentration (C_i) assume 100% humidity or saturation of water vapor in the leaf’s internal air space. Recently, using the double-sided gas exchange technique, Dr. Chin Wong’s study revealed that a great deal of unsaturation occurs when a leaf is exposed to low air humidity or high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and results in underestimating stomatal conductance and C_i [1]. The finding intrigued me because we learned that temperature is the critical driver of VPD and evaporative demand. In the nature, the plants in nature are exposed to variable temperatures and humidity. Outstanding questions are what the dynamic range of humidity inside the leaf change during the day are and how the plant responds to those changes. With time limitation, I did a humble experiment to estimate the humidity of leaves of sunflower and cotton exposed to high temperature. I found that temperature has strong effects on the change of stomatal resistance ad saturation level of water vapor inside the leaf. The result suggests that leaves exposed to high temperature was likely more sensitive to VPD.

Besides, I have received much constructive feedback for my thesis research. In addition, I exposed to many new concepts and learned many techniques that will be useful in the future. I learned how to measure the A-C_i curve and the estimation of cuticular resistance using the red-light method. I learned that gas exchange is powerful, non-invasive, and allows us to measure reversible response in many circumstances. However, it is important to understand the assumption and interpret the data carefully.

I thank ASPS for providing me financial support to pursue research activities in Canberra. I am deeply grateful to Dr. Graham Farquhar, Dr. Diego Marquez, and Dr. Chin Wong for their invaluable mentorship. I appreciate Dr. Nicole Pontarin, Dr. Hilary Stuart-Williams and everyone in the Farquhar group for their supports. I also thank Barry Pogson’s lab for providing space to grow Arabidopsis. I enjoyed having lunches, and a movie night with the lab members, and conversations with new friends through social events at the Research School of Biology, ANU.

Citation

[1] Wong, S. C., Canny, M. J., Holloway-Phillips, M., Stuart-Williams, H., Cernusak, L. A., Márquez, D. A., & Farquhar, G. D. (2022). Humidity gradients in the air spaces of leaves. Nature plants, 8(8), 971–978. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01202-1

Fig. 1. Nattiwong is clamping the leaf of sunflower on to the leaf cuvette of System 1, lab-made gas exchange analyzer which allow the recording of the gas exchange of both abaxial and adaxial sides of a leaf simultaneously.

 

Fig. 2. Group photo with some members in Farquhar group, Dr. Chin Wong, Dr. Diego Marquez, Dr. Nicole Pontarin, Dr. Graham Farquhar and myself (from left to right).

Peter Goldacre report by Dr Maria Ermakova, Monash University.

I’d like to express my sincerest gratitude to ASPS for awarding me with the Peter Goldacre award. It is an honour to receive support and recognition from such a talented group of scientists.

Photosynthesis forms the basis of plant development and productivity. Understanding molecular mechanisms of this process to genetically re-design plants for more efficient carbon assimilation is the key to sustaining the required increases in crop yields in the face of climate change. I have been working on identifying and testing biotechnological approaches to improve photosynthesis which resulted in discovering genetic modifications that have a potential to increase crop yield. I found that C₄ photosynthesis, a special type of photosynthesis that many important crops like maize and sorghum have, is limited by a supply of ATP and NADPH from the electron transport reactions. I showed that increasing the rate of chloroplast electron transport improved CO₂assimilation rates and yield in model and crop C₄ species in controlled conditions. I have also been involved in the C₄ Rice project, an international consortium funded by the Gates Foundation to engineer C₄photosynthesis into a C₃ crop rice to benefit smallholder farmers. My work in the project resulted in creating a metabolic prototype of C₄ rice, a steppingstone towards the development of up to 50% higher yielding rice varieties with superior water use efficiency.

In my Plant Energy and Biotechnology Research group at Monash University, I look forward to continuing developing new approaches for creating more energy-efficient plants better suited for future climates and making a positive impact to Australian food and energy security.

 

 

 

 

 

Events

Please login and check your ASPS membership is up to date. Encourage your colleagues and students to join ASPS.Tweet to @asps_ozplants your news and upcoming events and follow to keep up to date.

Dear colleagues,

 The December issue of Phytogen is out now and can be accessed HERE.

This is also a reminder that the deadline for submitting symposium proposals for the International Botanical Congress (IBC).

Two years ahead of the XX IBC, we are pleased to launch the Call for Symposia. We encourage researchers worldwide to submit symposium proposals on a variety of topics through the IBC website. The call for symposia will remain open until December 30th, 2022. Symposia constitute a very important component of the XX IBC, please submit a proposal and help shape the meeting’s program! Also note that diversity of speakers in terms of gender, career stage, and geography will be one of the criteria for selecting proposals. Symposium proposals that bridge two or more of the 31 proposed topics, including novel views and/or multi-disciplinary research perspectives, are especially encouraged.

Best regards,

The Organizing Committee of the XX IBC.

Call for symposia

Proposal submission now available! The scientific committee will evaluate symposium proposals based on potential audience interest, scientific quality, and diversity of speakers in terms of gender, career stage, and geography, among others. Symposium proposals that bridge two or more of the 31 proposed topics, including novel views and/or multi-disciplinary research perspectives are especially encouraged. We will make an effort to accept as many proposals as possible. Each symposium will last for 2 hours and will consist of six 20-minute oral communications (15 min presentations + 5 min Q&A). To maximize the interchangeability of participants among concurrent symposia, changes to this schedule will not be allowed. Deadline for symposium proposals 30 December 2022. Proposal Submission

Topics

1. Agroforestry Systems	2. Bioinformatics	3. Biogeography / Phylogeography
4. Botanical History	5. Bryology	6. Comparative Genomics / Transcriptomics
7. Conservation Biology	8. Crops and Wild Relatives	9. Development and Structure
10. Ecology and Plant Communities	11. Ecophysiology	12. Education and Outreach
13. Ethnobotany	14. Floristics	15. Functional Genetics
16. Global Change Ecology	17. Hybrids and Hybridization	18. Mycology and Lichenology
19. Macroevolution	20. Paleobotany / Archaeobotany	21. Phycology
22. Phylogenetics and Phylogenomics	23. Physiology	24. Plant, Animal, and Microbe Interactions
25. Plant Biotechnology	26. Palynology	27. Population Genetics
28. Pteridology	29. Restoration Ecology	30. Reproductive Biology
31. Systematics

 

 

 

Welcome to Phytogen for December 2022

Below are reports from some of our award recipients in 2022. Over the summer break we hope you can recharge and be inspired to submit applications for when awards open in January 2023.

There is also … a save the date for ASPS 2023!!!

Please add yourself to our conference mailing list and help us during the planning stages by filling out our ASPS2023 EOI form:  https://forms.gle/osUAvNEyn9jcwtw78

Please share widely with your colleagues and students.

Jan Anderson Award, Frances Sussmilch, University of Tasmania.

My research focusses on the similarities and differences that can be seen in the functions of related genes between diverse plant lineages. I began my research career investigating the genes that regulate flowering in garden pea (Pisum sativum) with Assoc. Prof. Jim Weller’s group at the University of Tasmania. My PhD research left me impressed by the impact that a single nucleotide change in a key gene can have on plant phenotype¹, and how useful in-depth knowledge of gene function in one model plant species can be as a starting point for understanding the roles of related genes in other species. As an early postdoc, I worked across three different research groups using molecular biology to address quite disparate research questions relating to i) the genetic control of flowering time and inflorescence architecture in legumes, ii) the evolution of genes controlling stomatal closure in land plants with Asst. Prof. Scott McAdam and Prof. Tim Brodribb, and iii) the diversity of orchid mycorrhizal fungi in Australia with Dr Nigel Swarts. This gave me the opportunity to make valuable contributions to projects that I wouldn’t have initially thought were within my wheelhouse through collaboration with experts in these different fields. Highlights included characterising the genes affected in mutants that had been studied for decades, allowing this wealth of accumulated knowledge to be drawn together to better understand how the affected genes normally function in plant growth and development, including a pea flowering time/photoperiod response mutant², a fern abscisic acid signalling/sex determination mutant³, and a pea auxin biosynthesis/leaf venation mutant⁴. Since then, I’ve enjoyed learning new techniques to investigate the evolutionary history of genes known to control angiosperm stomatal opening and closure and the functionality of related genes in diverse extant plant groups, including abscisic acid biosynthesis and signalling genes ^{e.g. 5-8}, and ion channels^{9, 10}. I have been fortunate to have been supported by funding from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and Australian Research Council DECRA and Discovery schemes, and collaborating as an Associate Investigator within the ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, enabling me to study fascinating aspects of plant biology and work with some great researchers in the process. It is an incredible honour to be recognised by ASPS with the 2022 Jan Anderson Award, and exciting to think about what discoveries in plant science may yet be to come.

Jan Anderson Award Lecture at ComBio2022. Photo credit: Dr Akila Wijerathna-Yapa.

References

1. F. C. Sussmilch et al., Plant Cell 27, 1046-1060 (2015).
2. S. Ridge et al., Plant Cell 28, 2545-2559 (2016).
3. S. McAdam et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 113, 12862–12867 (2016).
4. S. A. M. McAdam et al., Plant Physiol. 175, 351-360 (2017).
5. S. A. M. McAdam, F. C. Sussmilch, T. J. Brodribb, Plant Cell Environ. 39, 485-491 (2016).
6. F. C. Sussmilch, T. J. Brodribb, S. A. M. McAdam, J. Exp. Bot. 68, 2913-2918 (2017).
7. F. C. Sussmilch et al., Trends Plant Sci. 24, 342-351 (2019).
8. F.-P. Zhang et al., J. Exp. Bot. 69, 1261–1267 (2018).
9. I. Dreyer et al., Trends Plant Sci. 26, 41-52 (2021).
10. F. C. Sussmilch, M. R. G. Roelfsema, R. Hedrich, New Phytol. 222, 84-90 (2019).

 

Hank Greenway Award for Education and Outreach: Adelaide University National Science week team: Megan Shelden, Georgia Koerber, Beth Loveys.

Our team was honoured to be awarded the Education and Outreach Award for our delivery of a successful Science Week event in 2021. We presented the award lecture in the Education Symposium stream of the conference; our presentation was titled: Plant Science: Safeguarding our Future Food Security.

Photos of our award talk.

There was a full day of Education focused conference presentations from educators in fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, plant science, cell biology and genetics. It was great to see the fantastic approaches that people were taking to improve tertiary science education for students. Some of the highlights of the Education sessions are described below.

Dr. Saw Hoon from the University of Melbourne described a ground-breaking student-led journal and conference she developed. The journal was inspired by the wonderful essays written by her students as part of the assessment in her course. The essays were so good Saw wanted to give them another life so she decided to create a student-led, peer reviewed journal, “Humans 2.0”. To launch the journal Saw and her students organised a conference to showcase the student work. The student presentations were mixed with those by staff. More can be seen at https://biomedicalsciences.unimelb.edu.au/study/humans2.0

Dr. Anna Galea from UNSW described a student ambassadors’ program which started in biochemistry but is now university wide. Students self-nominate in each course and provide periodic feedback to course coordinators. Students run surveys of their peers, a check in survey early in semester. They also write their own revision questions. https://www.teaching.unsw.edu.au/about-teaching/students-as-partners/student-focus-groups

Dr. James Tsatsaronis from LaTrobe University teaches large classes (approx. 200) of level 2 biochemistry. To manage the class with limited staff he established a program called “Near Peer Mentors”. The near peer mentors were students who had taken the class in the previous year and achieved excellent grades. They allocated 3 small teams of students (5-6) in tutorials where students were working through PBL activities. The near peer mentors supported the junior students, guiding them through the activities that they had themselves done the previous year.

As the students were working in teams part of the assessment was a self and peer evaluation undertaken at the end of each tutorial session. The self and peer evaluation was worth 50% of the tutorial marks. Team structure was not fixed, students were able to select new team members each week (avoiding the problem of students being absent).

There was a student panel discussion where students gave their thoughts and perspectives about online learning during the pandemic. It was very encouraging to see students thriving and prioritizing their mental health.

Student led panel discussion.

Plenary by Associate Professor Merlin Crosley.

It was fantastic to see an Education focused plenary in the ComBio program this year, Associate Professor Merlin Crosley (DVCA) from UNSW described the challenge of recognising excellence in teaching.

When student experience of learning and teaching at UNSW was analysed, it was apparent that teaching satisfaction scores were higher for Education Specialist staff than standard academics. Prompting the question why do students recognise and value excellence in teaching, but management do not? This observation led to the development of a teaching focused University College, called Scientia Education Academy. By a competitive process, academics were invited to apply for membership of Scientia Education Academy, 40 of the most outstanding educators were selected and celebrated. https://www.education.unsw.edu.au/teaching/scientia-education-academy

 

Happy Christmas everyone and have a restful New Year.

 

Please login and check your ASPS membership is up to date. Encourage your colleagues and students to join ASPS.Tweet to @asps_ozplants your news and upcoming events and follow to keep up to date.